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BriefingPaper No. 1
Trade

Market Access Is Being Reset, One Measure at a Time

United States tariff measures affecting the Caribbean have changed repeatedly over the past year, and CARICOM is reviewing its own external tariffs at the same time. Exporters and investors are working in a moving rulebook, not a settled one.

29 October 2026 · CARICOM

Key takeaways

  • Preferences restored in general and tightened in particular show market access for small states operating as a revocable concession rather than a settled right. The episode invites a closer look at what access means as an analytic category in asymmetric trade relations.
  • The forced-labour enforcement measures fold a normative standard into trade policy. Who defines the standard, who bears the cost of compliance, and how three CARICOM members came to be listed are open empirical questions.
  • CARICOM's review of tariffs on paints, cement, bitumen and glass bottles puts the region's own industrial policy dilemma on record: protecting regional producers while keeping inputs affordable for regional consumers. The four assessments, once released, are a primary source worth tracking.
  • Diversification towards Colombia, Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic is framed as reducing dependence. Whether new partnerships change the structure of dependence or simply relocate it is a question for plantation economy and dependency scholarship.

The headline is relief, but it is partial. CARICOM's Secretary-General has welcomed the restoration of Caribbean Basin Initiative preferences after the temporary Section 122 tariffs expired in July. At the same time, the United States imposed new tariffs of 10 to 12.5 per cent on 60 economies under a forced-labour trade enforcement initiative, and three CARICOM members are among them. Access has improved in general and tightened for particular products and countries.

Closer to home, the region is reviewing its own external protection. Four assessment teams coordinated by the CARICOM Secretariat were due to meet between 12 and 27 October on paints and varnishes, petroleum bitumen, hydraulic cement and glass bottles, to test whether regional producers can supply regional demand. Their findings will go to the Council for Trade and Economic Development. CARICOM has already suspended a proposed 35 per cent tariff on paints and varnishes from outside the region, and private sector bodies in Guyana have warned that higher regional tariffs on goods such as sugar, glass bottles and paint could raise prices where regional supply falls short. No tariff change has been announced.

Meanwhile, the Secretary-General has stressed the need to diversify beyond energy and commodities, with talks and negotiations under way with Colombia, Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic. Market entry in this region now means reading three rulebooks at once: Washington's, the Community's and those of the new partners it is courting.

What to watch

  • Whether the four assessments reach the Council for Trade and Economic Development, and what they conclude about regional supply.
  • Any further United States action under Section 301 affecting CARICOM economies.
  • Progress in CARICOM discussions with Colombia, Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic.

Sources